INDIANA INFANT MORTALITY REPORT

1990-2003

Statistics from the Period Linked
Birth/Infant Death Data Set

(Published July 2005)

Indiana State Department of Health
Epidemiology Resource Center
2 North Meridian Street
Indianapolis, Indiana 46204

For questions about this report, please
call 317.233.1344 or e-mail bmjohnso@isdh.state.in.gov

Indiana State Department of Health
Judith A. Monroe, MD, State Health Commissioner
Sue Uhl, JD, Deputy State Health Commissioner

Epidemiology Resource Center
(ERC) Robert Teclaw, DVM, MPH, PhD, Director

Maternal and Child Health Division
Judith Ganser, MD, Medical Director

Author
Atossa Rahmanifar, PhD, RD
Epidemiology Resource Center

Contributing Staff
Jon Lewis, PhD, ERC, Data Analysis Team, Director
Susan Dorrell, B.S., ERC, Data Analysis Team
Roberta Sorrell, Vital Records Division
Teresa Barlow, Information Services and Policy Commission
Beth Johnson, Maternal and Child Health Division

 
 

Preface

The 1990-2003 Indiana Infant Mortality Report presents infant mortality statistics from the period linked birth/infant death data sets (linked files) by a variety of infant and maternal characteristics. For each year 1990-2003, the information from the death certificate of each infant (less than one year of age) who was an Indiana resident was matched and linked to the information from the birth certificate to create the linked files. The purpose of linkage is to use the additional information available on the birth certificate to conduct a more in-depth analysis of the pattern of infant mortality. Therefore, the information provided in this report, which is derived from the birth certificates through the linked files, is different from the general vital statistics mortality reports, which are based entirely on death certificate data.

The demographic and health variables included in the analysis of infant mortality are race, Hispanic origin, plurality, sex, birth weight, gestational age, maternal age, maternal education, live birth order, marital status, prenatal care, and smoking during pregnancy. Results are reported for all races combined and for whites and blacks separately. Due to the relatively small number of births and infant deaths among Hispanics and because more than 97 percent of Hispanics are white, the detailed statistics of infant mortality at the state level are reported for Hispanics in general and for non-Hispanic whites but not for non-Hispanic blacks. In this report, the U.S. Office of Management and Budget race definition of “Black or African American” is referred to as “Black” and ethnicity definition of  “Hispanic or Latino” is referred to as “Hispanic”.

The information is presented at the state level and for two major counties, Marion and Lake. Yearly infant mortality rates are reported only at the state level, because it is only at the state level that numbers of infant deaths in various categories are large enough to provide stable rates. Three-year moving averages of infant mortality rates as well as five-year comparisons of rates from 1990-1994 to 1999-2003 are presented for the state and for the counties. The statistical analysis was performed only for comparing the five-year rates. In certain instances, the change in five-year rates was not statistically significant despite a noticeable difference in rates, mainly due to the small number of deaths in those categories.

Information on the methods used for statistical significance, on random variation and stability of rates, as well as detailed information on differences between the linked files and the vital statistics mortality files are presented in the Technical Notes. Additional information on race and Hispanic origin, birth weight and gestational age, maternal education, and on prenatal care utilization is also provided in the Technical Notes. The yearly number of infant deaths and births by various characteristics used in calculating the infant mortality rates are presented in the Appendices.

The descriptive statistics presented here are useful in understanding the basic relationships between the individual risk factors and infant mortality. The infant mortality rates are reported according to a specific maternal or infant characteristic and are unadjusted for the possible effects of other risk factors that are often present simultaneously. The preferred method for a better understanding of the interrelationship of multiple risk factors for infant mortality is multivariate analysis. The goal of this report, however, is to provide a basic understanding of the relationships of various risk factors to infant mortality.

 
 

Table of Contents

Indiana

Highlights

List of Tables

Yearly Infant Mortality Rates - Indiana

Table 1. Infant, neonatal, and postneonatal mortality rates by race and
Hispanic origin of mother: Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files

Table 2. Infant mortality rates by selected characteristics among all races:
Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files

Table 3. Infant mortality rates by selected characteristics among whites:
Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files

Table 4. Infant mortality rates by selected characteristics among blacks:
Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files

Table 5. Infant mortality rates by selected characteristics among non-Hispanic whites: Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files

Table 6. Infant mortality rates by selected characteristics among Hispanics:
Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files

Three-year Moving Averages of Infant Mortality Rates - Indiana

Table 7. Infant, neonatal, and postneonatal mortality rates by race and Hispanic
origin of mother, three-year moving averages: Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files

Table 8. Infant mortality rates by selected characteristics among all races, three-year moving averages: Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files

Table 9. Infant mortality rates by selected characteristics among whites, three-year moving averages: Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files

Table 10. Infant mortality rates by selected characteristics among blacks, three-
year moving averages: Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files

Table 11. Infant mortality rates by selected characteristics among non-Hispanic
whites, three-year moving averages: Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files

Table 12. Infant mortality rates by selected characteristics among Hispanics,
three-year moving averages: Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files

Five-year Averages of Infant Mortality Rates - Indiana

Table 13. Infant, neonatal, and postneonatal mortality rates by race and
Hispanic origin of mother: Indiana, 1990-1994 and 1999-2003 linked
files

Table 14. Infant mortality rates by selected characteristics among all races:
Indiana, 1990-1994 and 1999-2003 linked files

Table 15. Infant mortality rates by selected characteristics among whites:
Indiana, 1990-1994 and 1999-2003 linked files

Table 16. Infant mortality rates by selected characteristics among blacks:
Indiana, 1990-1994 and 1999-2003 linked files

Table 17. Infant mortality rates by selected characteristics among non-Hispanic
whites: Indiana, 1990-1994 and 1999-2003 linked files

Table 18. Infant mortality rates by selected characteristics among Hispanics:
India

List of Figures

Figure 1. Infant mortality rates among all races in Indiana compared to U.S.: 1990-2003 linked files

Figure 2. Infant mortality rates by race and Hispanic origin of mother, three-year moving averages: Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files

Figure 3. Infant, neonatal, and postneonatal mortality rates among all races, three-year moving averages: Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files

Figure 4. Neonatal mortality rates by race and Hispanic origin, three-year moving averages: Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files

Figure 5. Postneonatal mortality rates by race and Hispanic origin, three-year moving averages: Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files

Figure 6. Neonatal mortality rates by race and Hispanic origin: Indiana, 1990-1994 and 1999-2003 linked files

Figure 7. Postneonatal mortality rates by race and Hispanic origin: Indiana, 1990-1994 and 1999-2003 linked files

Figure 8. Infant mortality rates by sex of infant among all races, three-year moving averages: Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files

Figure 9. Infant mortality rates by sex and race/Hispanic origin: Indiana, 1990-1994 and 1999-2003 linked files

Figure 10. Infant mortality rates by plurality among all races, three-year moving
averages: Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files

Figure 11. Infant mortality rates by plurality and race, three-year moving
averages: Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files

Figure 12. Infant mortality rates by plurality and race/Hispanic origin: Indiana,
1999-2003 linked files

Figure 13. Infant mortality rates by birth weight among all races: Indiana, 2003 linked file

Figure 14. Infant mortality rates of low birth-weight infants by race and Hispanic origin, three-year moving averages: Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files

Figure 15. Infant mortality rates of very low birth-weight infants by race and Hispanic origin, three-year moving averages: Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files

Figure 16. Infant mortality rates of normal birth-weight infants by race and Hispanic origin, three-year moving averages: Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files

Figure 17. Infant mortality rates of low birth-weight infants by race and Hispanic origin: Indiana, 1990-1994 and 1999-2003 linked files

Figure 18. Infant mortality rates of very low birth-weight infants by race and Hispanic origin: Indiana, 1990-1994 and 1999-2003 linked files

Figure 19. Infant mortality rates of normal birth-weight infants by race and Hispanic origin: Indiana, 1990-1994 and 1999-2003 linked files

Figure 20. Infant mortality rates by gestational age among all races: Indiana, 2001-2003 linked files

Figure 21. Infant mortality rates of preterm infants by race and Hispanic origin, three-year moving averages: Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files

Figure 22. Infant mortality rates of term infants by race and Hispanic origin, three-year moving averages: Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files

Figure 23. Prevalence of low birth-weight and preterm infants by race and Hispanic origin of mother: Indiana, 1990 vs. 2003 Live Births

Figure 24. Infant mortality rates by age and race of mother, three-year moving averages: Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files

Figure 25. Infant mortality rates by age and race of mother: Indiana, 1990-1994 and 1999-2003 linked files

Figure 26. Infant mortality rates by age and race/Hispanic origin of mother: Indiana, 1999-2003 linked files

Figure 27. Infant mortality rates among whites by education of mother, three-year moving averages: Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files

Figure 28. Infant mortality rates among blacks by education of mother, three-year moving averages: Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files

Figure 29. Infant mortality rates by education and race/Hispanic origin of mother: Indiana, 1999-2003 linked files

Figure 30. Infant mortality rates by race/Hispanic origin among mothers with less than 12 years of education, three-year moving averages: Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files

Figure 31. Infant mortality rates by marital status of mother among all races, three-year moving averages: Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files

Figure 32. Infant mortality rates by marital status and race/Hispanic origin: Indiana, 1999-2003 linked files

Figure 33. Infant mortality rates by adequacy of prenatal care and race/Hispanic origin: Indiana, 1999-2003 linked files

Figure 34. Infant mortality rates by smoking status and race of mother: Indiana, 1999-2003 linked files

Figure 35. Infant mortality rates among singleton births and among normal birth-weight infants by race/Hispanic origin: Indiana, 1999-2003 linked files

Figure 36. Infant mortality rates among multiple births and among low birth-weight infants by race/Hispanic origin: Indiana, 1999-2003 linked files

Figure 37. Infant mortality rates among mothers with one or more potential low-risk demographic characteristics by race/Hispanic origin: Indiana, 1999-2003 linked files

Figure 38. Infant mortality rates among mothers with one or more potential high-risk demographic characteristics by race/Hispanic origin: Indiana, 1999-2003 linked files

Marion County

Highlights

List of Tables

Three-year Moving Averages of Infant Mortality Rates - Marion County

Table 19. Infant, neonatal, and postneonatal mortality rates by race and
Hispanic origin of mother, three-year moving averages: Marion County,
Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files

Table 20. Infant mortality rates by selected characteristics among all races,
three-year moving averages: Marion County, Indiana, 1990-2003
linked files

Table 21. Infant mortality rates by selected characteristics among whites, three-
year moving averages: Marion County, Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files

Table 22. Infant mortality rates by selected characteristics among blacks, three-
year moving averages: Marion County, Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files

Five-year Averages of Infant Mortality Rates - Marion County

Table 23. Infant, neonatal, and postneonatal mortality rates by race and
Hispanic origin of mother: Marion County, Indiana, 1990-1994 and
1999-2003 linked files

Table 24. Infant mortality rates by selected characteristics among all races:
Marion County, Indiana, 1990-1994 and 1999-2003 linked files

Table 25. Infant mortality rates by selected characteristics among whites: Marion
County, Indiana, 1990-1994 and 1999-2003 linked files

Table 26. Infant mortality rates by selected characteristics among blacks: Marion
County, Indiana, 1990-1994 and 1999-2003 linked files

List of Figures

Figure 39. Infant mortality rates among all races in Marion County compared to Indiana, three-year moving averages: Marion County, Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files

Figure 40. Infant mortality rates by race in Marion County compared to Indiana, three-year moving averages: Marion County, Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files

Figure 41. Infant mortality rates by race and Hispanic origin of mother: Marion County, Indiana, 1999-2003 linked files

Figure 42. Neonatal and postneonatal mortality rates by race of mother: Marion County, Indiana, 1990-1994 and 1999-2003 linked files

Figure 43. Infant mortality rates by race among low birth-weight infants, three-year moving averages: Marion County, Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files

Figure 44. Infant mortality rates by race among normal birth-weight infants, three-year moving averages: Marion County, Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files

Figure 45. Infant mortality rates by race among low birth-weight infants: Marion County, Indiana, 1990-1994 and 1999-2003 linked files

Figure 46. Infant mortality rates by race among very low birth-weight infants: Marion County, Indiana, 1990-1994 and 1999-2003 linked files

Figure 47. Infant mortality rates by race among normal birth-weight infants: Marion County, Indiana, 1990-1994 and 1999-2003 linked files

Figure 48. Infant mortality rates by race among preterm infants: Marion County, Indiana, 1990-1994 and 1999-2003 linked files

Figure 49. Infant mortality rates by race among term infants: Marion County, Indiana, 1990-1994 and 1999-2003 linked files

Figure 50. Infant mortality rates by race among teen mothers, three-year moving averages: Marion County, Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files

Figure 51. Infant mortality rates by race among adult mothers, three-year moving averages: Marion County, Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files

Figure 52. Infant mortality rates by education of mother among whites, three-year moving averages: Marion County, Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files

Figure 53. Infant mortality rates by education of mother among blacks, three-year moving averages: Marion County, Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files

Figure 54. Infant mortality rates by race among mothers with less than 12 years of education, three-year moving averages: Marion County, Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files

Figure 55. Infant mortality rates by race among mothers with 12 years of education, three-year moving averages: Marion County, Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files

Figure 56. Infant mortality rates by race among mothers with more than 12 years of education, three-year moving averages: Marion County, Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files

Figure 57. Infant mortality rates by race and education of mother: Marion County, Indiana, 1990-1994 and 1999-2003 period linked files

Figure 58. Infant mortality rates by marital status of mother among all races, three-year moving averages: Marion County, Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files

Figure 59. Infant mortality rates by marital status of mother among whites, three-year moving averages: Marion County, Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files

Figure 60. Infant mortality rates by marital status of mother among blacks, three-year moving averages: Marion County, Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files

Figure 61. Infant mortality rates by race and marital status of mother: Marion County, Indiana, 1990-1994 and 1999-2003 linked files

Figure 62. Infant mortality rates by race and adequacy of prenatal care: Marion County, Indiana, 1990-1994 and 1999-2003 linked files

Figure 63. Infant mortality rates by smoking status of mother among whites, three-year moving averages: Marion County, Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files

Figure 64. Infant mortality rates by smoking status of mother among blacks, three-year moving averages: Marion County, Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files

Figure 65. Infant mortality rates by smoking status and race of mother: Marion County, Indiana, 1990-1994 and 1999-2003 linked files

Lake County

Highlights

List of Tables

Three-year Moving Averages of Infant Mortality Rates - Lake County

Table 27. Infant, neonatal, and postneonatal mortality rates by race and
Hispanic origin of mother, three-year moving averages: Lake County,
Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files

Table 28. Infant mortality rates by selected characteristics among all races,
three-year moving averages: Lake County, Indiana, 1990-2003 linked
files

Table 29. Infant mortality rates by selected characteristics among whites, three-
year moving averages: Lake County, Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files

Table 30. Infant mortality rates by selected characteristics among blacks, three-
year moving averages: Lake County, Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files

Five-year Averages of Infant Mortality Rates - Lake County

Table 31. Infant, neonatal, and postneonatal mortality rates by race and
Hispanic origin of mother: Lake County, Indiana, 1990-1994 and 1999
-2003 linked files

Table 32. Infant mortality rates by selected characteristics among all races: Lake
County, Indiana, 1990-1994 and 1999-2003 linked files

Table 33. Infant mortality rates by selected characteristics among whites: Lake
County, Indiana, 1990-1994 and 1999-2003 linked files

Table 34. Infant mortality rates by selected characteristics among blacks: Lake
County, Indiana, 1990-1994 and 1999-2003 linked files

List of Figures

Figure 66. Infant mortality rates among all races in Lake County compared to Indiana, three-year moving averages: Lake County, Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files

Figure 67. Infant mortality rates by race in Lake County compared to Indiana, three-year moving averages: Lake County, Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files

Figure 68. Infant mortality rates by race and Hispanic origin of mother: Lake County, Indiana, 1990-1994 and 1999-2003 linked files

Figure 69. Neonatal and postneonatal mortality rates by race of mother: Lake County, Indiana, 1990-1994 and 1999-2003 linked files

Figure 70. Infant mortality rates by race among low birth-weight infants, three-year moving averages: Lake County, Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files

Figure 71. Infant mortality rates by race among normal birth-weight infants, three-year moving averages: Lake County, Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files

Figure 72. Infant mortality rates by race among low birth-weight infants: Lake County, Indiana, 1990-1994 and 1999-2003 linked files

Figure 73. Infant mortality rates by race among very low birth-weight infants: Lake County, Indiana, 1990-1994 and 1999-2003 linked files

Figure 74. Infant mortality rates by race among normal birth-weight infants: Lake County, Indiana, 1990-1994 and 1999-2003 linked files

Figure 75. Infant mortality rates by race among preterm infants: Lake County, Indiana, 1990-1994 and 1999-2003 linked files

Figure 76. Infant mortality rates by race among term infants: Lake County, Indiana, 1990-1994 and 1999-2003 linked files

Figure 77. Infant mortality rates by race and age of mother: Lake County, Indiana, 1990-1994 and 1999-2003 linked files

Figure 78. Infant mortality rates by race and education of mother: Lake County, Indiana, 1990-1994 and 1999-2003 linked files

Figure 79. Infant mortality rates by race and marital status of mother: Lake County, Indiana, 1990-1994 and 1999-2003 linked files

Figure 80. Infant mortality rates by race and adequacy of prenatal care: Lake County, Indiana, 1990-1994 and 1999-2003 linked files

Figure 81. Infant mortality rates by race and smoking status of mother: Lake County, Indiana, 1990-1994 and 1999-2003 linked files

Technical Notes

References

Appendices

Appendix A - State Data

Table A-1. Live births and infant, neonatal, and postneonatal deaths by race and Hispanic origin of mother: Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files

Table A-2. Live births and infant deaths by selected characteristics among all races: Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files

Table A-3. Live births and infant deaths by selected characteristics among whites: Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files

Table A-4. Live births and infant deaths by selected characteristics among blacks: Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files

Table A-5. Live births and infant deaths by selected characteristics among non-Hispanic whites: Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files

Table A-6. Live births and infant deaths by selected characteristics among Hispanics: Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files

Appendix B - Marion County Data

Table B-1. Live births and infant, neonatal, and postneonatal deaths by race and Hispanic origin of mother: Marion County, Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files

Table B-2. Live births and infant deaths by selected characteristics among all races: Marion County, Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files

Table B-3. Live births and infant deaths by selected characteristics among whites: Marion County, Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files

Table B-4. Live births and infant deaths by selected characteristics among blacks: Marion County, Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files

Appendix C - Lake County Data

Table C-1. Live births and infant, neonatal, and postneonatal deaths by race and Hispanic origin of mother: Lake County, Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files

Table C-2. Live births and infant deaths by selected characteristics among all races: Lake County, Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files

Table C-3. Live births and infant deaths by selected characteristics among whites: Lake County, Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files

Table C-4. Live births and infant deaths by selected characteristics among blacks: Lake County, Indiana, 1990-2003 linked files