Poses a significant threat to tilapia worldwide. Outbreaks have been reported in many countries and, in 2019, the disease was briefly introduced to the United States, and then eradicated. In December 2019, USDA issued an order mandating import permits, including a negative test for TiLV, for tilapia species. Only tilapia species are known to be susceptible. Clinical signs may include ocular abnormalities, skin lesions, and fish may be slow-moving and off-feed. TiLV does not affect humans.